Episode 33 ~2:10 MV Switchgear EN · العربية

MV switchgear, AIS vs GIS: specify the class, not the gas

In a Saudi MV room the choice is settled by numbers a tender can check: the connection voltage, the fault level at 60 Hz, the LSC and partition class, the arc class and the room's own heat, dust and height. The insulating gas comes last, and it is a chemistry with a GWP, not a brand.

A medium-voltage switchroom lineup seen down the maintenance aisle
Animated explainer, press play to watch the concepts now; the filmed cut publishes once production wraps.

What you'll walk away with

Four decisions to carry into the next MV switchgear specification you write.

01

Start at the connection, not the catalogue.

Above 4 MVA a Saudi customer is connected at 13.8 or 33 kV and builds and runs the substation. SEC's 2004 planning standard uses 20 kA and 25 kA for 1 s; size to the fault level for your own connection, plus your motors and generators. At 60 Hz, with the standard 45 ms time constant, the peak withstand is 2.6 times that current.

02

Write the class: LSC, partition, then IAC.

IEC 62271-200 grades AIS, SF6 GIS and SF6-free alike, panel by panel. IEEE metal-clad and IEC LSC2B-PM are compared, not interchangeable. The arc class is optional: write it in full, for example IAC A FLR 20 kA 1 s, with the room it was tested in.

03

The room's heat is the real Gulf variable.

IEC 62271-1 rates current at 40 °C. With the 2007 text's limits and n = 2, bare copper contacts keep 85% at 50 °C; the 2017 edition raised some limits, so ask the maker for the current at your ambient. ABB's guide shows a 1250 A feeder at 800 A in a dust-tight enclosure.

04

About half the floor at 24 kV, less at 17.5.

Twelve panels, envelope only: SF6 GIS without a relief duct is 53% of AIS at 24 kV and 61 to 76% at the 17.5 kV class used for 13.8 kV. Clean-air GIS matches SF6 GIS only with its duct. Most of the room saving is the aisle.

THE SAUDI LAYER FIRST
Above 4 MVA, the switchgear is yours
up to 4 MVAlow voltagea 20 m² plot per transformer4 to 25 MVA13.8 kV or 33 kVyou build and run the substationabove 25 MVAtransmission voltagethe same duty, one level upSEC runs it only if it meets SEC specificationsand is handed over, or kept at 2.5% of capital a year
The utility runs it only if it meets the utility's standard specifications, sits on the boundary and is handed over, or the owner pays 2.5% of its capital value a year. 
TWO VOLTAGES, TWO LADDERS
13.8 kV is not on the IEC Series I ladder
1217.524361538IEC Series ISeries II, North American practice13.8 kV33 kVinsulation level, kV: 1 min / lightning impulse17.5: 38 / 95 · 36: 70 / 17015: 36 / 95 · 38: 80 / 200
A clean-air range that stops at 24 kV covers 13.8 kV. For 33 kV, ask for a range rated 36 kV or 38 kV. [6]⁠
WHAT 60 HZ CHANGES
At 60 Hz the standard peak factor is 2.6
20 kASEC 13.8 kV50.0 kA52.0 kA25 kASEC 33 kV62.5 kA65.0 kA31.5 kAnext step78.8 kA81.9 kA50 Hz, 2.5 × Ik60 Hz, 2.6 × Ik45 ms time constant: 60 Hz peak is 4% higher
If a submittal shows only the 50 Hz peak, ask for the 60 Hz rating. Some catalogues print both: 125 kA and 130 kA. 
ONE STANDARD, THREE CLASSES
LSC belongs to each panel, not to the board
incomerLSC2BPMfeederLSC2BPMcouplerno LSCfuse panelLSC2PIriserLSC1IEEE metal-clad vs LSC2B-PM: compare only
LSC is not a reliability ranking. IEEE metal-clad and IEC LSC2B-PM are compared, not swapped. [5]⁠
A medium-voltage switchroom lineup seen down the maintenance aisle

The numbers a Saudi MV submittal must carry

Every row names its document. Where the source is old, a mirror copy, or a value was read only in an earlier edition, the row says so.

RequirementValueSource
Saudi MV levels13.8 kV and 33 kVSEC Distribution Planning Standard, 2004, 2.1
MV connection bandabove 4 up to 25 MVA, customer substationSERA Electricity Service Guide, art. 11
Planning fault level20 kA at 13.8 kV, 25 kA at 33 kV, 1 sSEC DPS 2004, Table 4.1 (dated; size to the connection study)
Peak withstand factor2.6 at 60 Hz, 2.5 at 50 Hz, 45 ms time constantIEC 62271-1:2017 5.7, Table 5 (value read in the 2007 text, 4.6)
Rated voltage class17.5 or 15 kV for 13.8 kV; 36 or 38 kV for 33 kVIEC 62271-1:2017 5.2, 5.3, Tables 1 and 2
Standard and editionIEC 62271-200:2021+AMD1:2024, edition 3.1IEC webstore
Service continuityLSC1, LSC2, LSC2A, LSC2B, per functional unit with a connection compartmentIEC 62271-200 AMD1, 3.6.101
Metal-clad comparisonIEEE metal-clad compared with IEC LSC2B-PM; not interchangeableIEEE C37.20.2-2025; IEC 62271-200:2003 Annex C
Arc class, writtenIAC A FLR 20 kA 1 s, with the tested room; optionalIEC 62271-200, 5.103, Annex A
Highest IAC, catalogues reviewed50 kA at 17.5 kV; 31.5 kA at 24 and 36 kV; 1 sSiemens HA 25.74 (2023), HA 25.72 (2025); ABB 1VCP000138 Rev Z (2026)
Reference ambient40 °C, 24 h mean 35 °CIEC 62271-1:2017 4.1.2 (35 °C read in the 2007 text and Siemens HA 25.73)
Current kept at 50 °C85% bare copper, 92% silver-plated contacts (2007 limits, n = 2)IEC 62271-1, 2007 8.2 (2017: 9.4, Table 14 revised)
Twelve panels at 24 kVAIS 15.0 m²; SF6 GIS 7.9 m² without duct, 8.8 m² with; clean air 8.8 m²ABB, Siemens dimension sheets
SF6 GWP-10024,300 on AR6; 23,500 on AR5IPCC AR6 Table 7.SM.7
EU switchgear ruleputting into operation: to 24 kV from 2026, to 52 kV from 2030; derogations applyRegulation (EU) 2024/573, Art. 13(9) to 13(18)
THE ARC CLASS, WRITTEN RIGHT
IAC, then access type, sides, current, time
IACclassAaccessFLRsides20 kAcurrent1 stimeAauthorised staff only, cotton at 300 mmBthe public too, cotton at 100 mmand the room as tested: ceiling, walls, reliefoptional: no IAC unless the tender writes it
Catalogues often print “AFLR”. Read it as type A, sides F, L and R, then check the current, the duration and the room it was tested in.
SIZE IT TO THE CONNECTION
No catalogue reviewed offers 80 kA for 1 s
SEC 2004, 13.8 kV20 kASEC 2004, 33 kV25 kANXAIR 2023, 17.5 kV50 kAUniGear 2026, 24 kV31.5 kANXAIR H 2025, 36 kV31.5 kAan 80 kA spec80 kASEC: planning fault level · catalogues: IAC, 1 ssize both to your connection's short-circuit study
Arc and short-time ratings are separate: one range is 40 kA for 3 s short-time and 40 kA for 1 s arc. Write both, each with its duration. 
THE ROOM IS PART OF THE TEST
The arc class stops at the ceiling
20002500300035002500 mmducted outrated kA2800 mminto room25 kA3000 mminto room31.5 kA3500 mminto room40 kAone product family (NXAIR); side walls 150 mm
Those heights are one product family's examples. Ducting holds only to the tested rating the maker declares.
THE ROOM, PART ONE: HEAT
Rated at 40 °C, installed at 50
60%70%80%90%100%40 °C45 °C50 °C55 °C88%76%IP4X: 1140 AIP5X: 880 AIP5X: 800 Asilver-plated contactsbare copper contactsexample: 2007 limits, n = 2, rated at 40 °C
SEC rates its own lines at 50 °C. The 2007 text's very hot climate class runs to 55 °C, and applies only if the enquiry names it. [2]⁠

Six things that decide the specification

In the order a Saudi design review meets them, from the connection agreement to the gas.

The connection agreement sets the first three numbers.

SERA's Electricity Service Guide connects a load above 4 MVA and up to 25 MVA at medium voltage, and the customer then builds, operates and maintains his own substation. The Saudi Arabian Grid Code lists what the user must declare for that switchgear: rated voltage, rated current, symmetrical and asymmetrical short-circuit current, interrupting current and time, and impulse level. SEC's Distribution Planning Standard uses 20 kA at 13.8 kV and 25 kA at 33 kV for 1 s. Those are planning values in a document dated 2004 and read through a third-party copy, not the fault level at your connection. Take that from SEC for the point of connection, add your own motors and generators in a short-circuit study (for example to IEC 60909-0), and confirm it in the connection agreement, which is the number that binds.

Maintenance is set by LSC and interlocks, not by the gas.

An interlock-controlled compartment opens only when the parts inside are isolated and earthed, and the LSC category says what else stays live while it is open. Since AMD1:2024, only a functional unit with a connection compartment carries an LSC category, so a bus coupler without one has none. Schneider's 2022 guide grades its air-insulated MCset LSC2B-PM, its SF6 GIS LSC2-PM and its clean-air GIS LSC2-PM: the same scale for all three media. The 2003 edition of IEC 62271-200 equated ANSI metal-clad with LSC2B-PM; edition 3.0 has no such annex, and IEEE C37.20.2-2025 is a separate standard with its own tests, so treat the two as a comparison, not as interchangeable certificates.

Two clocks, one current, and the room.

One air-insulated range is rated 40 kA for 3 s short-time withstand and 40 kA for 1 s internal arc. The arc test current equals the rated short-time current unless the maker states a lower one, but the durations are separate ratings. Writing 40 kA 1 s without saying which rating it is leaves the bidder to choose. A complete arc class names the accessibility type (A or B), the classified sides (F, L, R), the current and the duration, and the installation it was tested in: IEC 62271-200 Annex A draws the ceiling height and the exhaust arrangement as part of the test, and one maker's ceiling table (NXAIR, 2023) applies to that product family only.

Heat, dust and salt are the Gulf discriminators.

IEC 62271-1 rates current at 40 °C. The 2007 text (clause 8.2; 9.4 in the 2017 edition, whose wording was not read here) gives an equation, not a table: Is = Ir [(θmax − θa) / Δθr]1/n, with n = 2 as the conservative exponent. With the 2007 Table 3 limits, bare copper contacts keep 85% at 50 °C and 76% at 55 °C. The 2017 edition's Table 14 raised some limits (per IEC TR 60943), so treat these as a conservative illustration and ask the maker for the rated current at the room's maximum ambient. The 2007 text's very hot climate class runs to 55 °C, but only when the enquiry names it, and the standard assumes no dust or salt unless the user says otherwise. SEC itself rates its overhead lines at 50 °C.

Footprint: the duct, the aisle and the 12 kV exception.

Compare like with like. SF6 GIS at 1100 mm deep has no rear relief duct; with the duct it is 1225 mm, the same envelope as the clean-air GIS, which is then 59% of the AIS lineup at 24 kV rather than 53%. At 24 kV the GIS room is 875 mm shallower than the AIS room, and 400 mm of that is the aisle a withdrawable truck needs. At 12 kV a 500 mm ABB panel is already the footprint of a 600 mm GIS panel. None of the catalogues reviewed publishes a GIS price ratio; the only official figure found is the European Commission's estimate of 3.6% extra sector cost for SF6-free switchgear, which is not a per-panel premium.

The gas: what a Saudi tender should ask.

In the documents reviewed to 9 October 2026 (the Saudi Arabian Grid Code of May 2024, SERA's Electricity Service Guide and the Ozone Secretariat profile) no Saudi rule restricting SF6 was found; GCC instruments and SEC procurement specifications were not reviewed. The Kigali amendment Saudi Arabia accepted in 2025 covers HFCs only. The EU prohibits putting new F-gas switchgear into operation up to 24 kV from 2026 and to 52 kV from 2030, with derogations: if a tender draws no bid for F-gas-free switchgear (or, in the first two years, bids from only one maker of it), a medium with GWP below 1000 may be used, and if no bid offers that either, any medium including SF6 (Art. 13(11) and 13(12)); orders placed before 11 March 2024, some extensions, relocation and spare parts are also excepted, and the operator notifies the authority. From 2035 only reclaimed or recycled SF6 may be used for servicing. Switchgear already in service needs no periodic leak check if any one of three conditions holds (Art. 5(1)): its tested leakage rate is below 0.1% a year, as stated in the manufacturer's technical specification, and it is labelled accordingly (the label requirement is in Art. 12); it has a pressure or density monitoring device with an automatic alert while in operation; or it contains less than 6 kg of Annex I F-gases. In a sealed compartment the pressure rises with the room: one fluoronitrile mixture goes from 8.97 bar at 20 °C to 9.65 bar at 40 °C.

THE ROOM, PART TWO: AIR
Dust, salt and altitude act on the air-insulated parts
1.01.11.21.30 m1000 m2000 m3000 msealed vessel: one GIS to 4000 m1700 m: 1.092270 m: 1.17air insulationGIS bushings and cable ends are in air too
A GIS still has bushings, cable terminations and air-insulated parts: state altitude, dust and salt for those too.
FOOTPRINT, AT SAUDI VOLTAGES
About half the floor at 24 kV, less at 17.5
17.5 kV class, for 13.8 kVAIS, 800 mm13.0 m²AIS, 650 mm10.5 m²GIS SF6, no duct7.9 m²24 kVAIS, 800 mm15.0 m²GIS SF6, no duct7.9 m²GIS SF6, ducted8.8 m²clean air, ducted8.8 m²SF6 GIS, no duct: 53% of AIS at 24 kV, 61 to 76% at 17.5panel envelope only, not room area
Panel footprint is not room area. Ask for both, and say whether ducts are included.
THE ROOM, NOT THE PANEL
At 24 kV the GIS room is 875 mm shallower
AIS160018003550 mmroom 32.9 to 37.6 m², ceiling 3300 to 3400 mmGIS122514002675 mmroom 17.0 to 21.9 m², ceiling 2400 to 2750 mmrear gappanelaisle875 mm shallower: 400 aisle, 375 panel, 100 rear
None of the catalogues reviewed publishes a GIS price ratio. Price the room and the slab, not a multiplier.
SF6, AND WHICH NUMBER
Four GWP figures for SF6, four legal homes
23,00024,00025,000SAR 1995: 23,900Kyoto, first periodAR4 2007: 22,800repealed EU 517/2014AR5 2013: 23,500Paris reporting, incl. SaudiAR6 2021: 24,300EU 2024/573AR6 draft: 25,200, not the published tablelifetime revised from 3,200 to about 1,000 years
Quote the number with its basis. 23,500 labelled as the F-gas regulation's figure is wrong on both counts.
Write this instead

The clause to write

Five lines, each naming a document, a quantity and a unit. None of them can be answered with a brand.

a. Metal-enclosed to IEC 62271-200:2021+AMD1:2024 and IEC 62271-1:2017+AMD1:2021, 60 Hz, rated 17.5 kV (or 15 kV) for 13.8 kV, 36 kV (or 38 kV) for 33 kV.

b. Short-time current and duration from the connection study; peak at 60 Hz stated. IAC: type, sides, kA, s, for this room's ceiling and relief route.

c. LSC2B-PM for breaker feeders, LSC and partition class stated per functional unit.

d. Rated current declared at the room's maximum ambient; altitude, dust and salt stated in the enquiry.

e. Insulating medium named by chemistry and GWP basis; tested leakage rate, density alarm per compartment, gas handling to IEC 62271-4.

Line d is the easiest to leave out. It decides whether a 1250 A panel is a 1250 A panel in August.

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